Questions

How might we respond when people say that Christians should just stay out of politics?

Summary: There is an important difference between keeping Christianity out of politics—which the Establishment Clause addresses—and keeping Christians out of politics, which no law requires. Christians who are citizens have as much right as anyone else to advocate for their convictions in a representative democracy. Staying out of politics is not a Christian obligation; faithful, theologically grounded participation is.

There is a difference between keeping “Christianity” out of politics and keeping “Christians” out of politics.

First, keeping Christianity out of politics is largely governed by the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause and precludes governmental manipulations through religion. The Establishment Clause does not preclude religious groups from coordinating around issues they deem significant to express their desires to those who represent them in government.

Second, Christians who are citizens of the United States have as much right to advocate for their side of a given issue as anyone else. Such is the nature of a representative democracy. Our democracy is by, for, and of the people, so as long as there are Christians among the people, I think it will be difficult to keep “our Christianity” out of politics.

As much as some might want our politics to be “religion-” or “ideology-free,” in a pluralistic society, different citizens and groups of citizens will likely approach issues from differing perspectives. There is no blank slate rationality that we can employ to ensure that no religious or ideological bias creeps into the political realm.

As such, the political realm in a representative democracy will always be a realm of conversation and compromise as different individuals and groups express their perspectives on various matters about which they are passionate. Christians in the United States can, like anyone else, certainly opt-out of politics, but to think it wise (or even constitutional) to preclude Christians from participating in government because they are Christians would seem to violate the principles upon which a representative democracy is founded.

About the Author — James Spencer, PhD, is a theologian, author, and host of the Thinking Christian podcast, where he writes and speaks on Christian formation, political theology, and technology. He holds a PhD in Theological Studies from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and an MA in Biblical Exegesis from Wheaton College. He serves as president of the D. L. Moody Center in Northfield, Massachusetts, as an Associate Research Fellow at the Kirby Laing Centre for Public Theology, and as adjunct faculty in Wheaton College’s MA in Leadership program. His forthcoming book is Digital Discernment (InterVarsity Press). Learn more at thinkingchristian.org.